Moon Journal

Project for Elementary Astronomy

In this project, you will observe the position of the Moon repeatedly over the course of a month. The goal is to understand the changing appearance of the Moon, and how the Moon's appearance depends on its position in relation to the Sun.

To conduct this observing project, follow this procedure:

Find or construct a calendar on which you can record your observations. The calendar must have space for a small sketch and a few notes for each date.
Any time you are outside and the Sun is visible (or you can at least tell where the Sun is), look for the Moon. You don't need to be in the same location for each observation.
When you see the Moon, record the following on your calendar:
- the shape of the illuminated portion of the Moon (sketch this);
- an arrow on your sketch, indicating the direction from the Moon toward the Sun in the sky;
- the angular distance between the Moon and Sun along the straightest possible line (use your hand estimates);
- the time of your observation.
Try to observe the Moon each day. On days when you never see the Moon, indicate the times you tried. Also note days when weather interferes with your observations.
Your observations must span at least 1 month.

To complete the project, include the following in your report:

A copy of your "calendar" of observational sketches and notes, or a table that presents this data neatly and efficiently.
Why is it ok for your observations to be made from different locations?
What is the general relationship between the observed shape of the illuminated Moon and the relative position of the Sun? Describe this relationship in detail, with examples.
From your observations, how can you tell that the moon shines by reflected sunlight?
From your observations, how can you tell that the sun is farther away than the moon? Explain in detail, with a sketch.
Be sure to follow the general instructions applicable to all projects.