• Plane mirror
• Laser
• Blackboard erasers with chalk dust

The basic principle of reflection is briefly described. Next a laser beam is directed toward a plane mirror lying on the table. Then both the incident beam and the reflected beam are illuminated by chalkdust, and the respective angles are observed.

• Blackboard optics system
• Power supply
• Connecting wires

A beam of light from the blackboard optics system is projected across the chalkboard in a partially darkened room. The beam is then reflected first from a plane mirror, then from a convex mirror, and finally from a concave mirror. As the beam grazes the chalkboard surface, the angles of incidence and reflection are observed for various orientations of each of these three mirrors. Next three parallel beams are incident on each mirror separately. The reflected beams are observed and the focal points are noted for the two curved mirrors.

• Chalkboard diagrams

Object-image diagrams are briefly described for a plane mirror, a convex mirror, and a concave mirror. For the concave mirror, the image formation is shown for the object at three different positions.

• Plane mirror
• Candle
• Light source with two perpendicular crossed arrows

A lighted candle is placed in front of a vertical plane mirror and the nature of the image is observed. The experiment is repeated using a light source with two crossed arrows, one oriented horizontally and one oriented vertically. Finally, the reversal of left and right is demonstrated for the plane mirror.

• System of two plane mirror
• Candle

A candle is placed on a table in front of two vertical plane mirrors, oriented at right angles to each other. The formation of three images is demonstrated and described. Then as the angle between the two mirrors is reduced, additional images are observed to be formed.

• Convex mirror
• Mirror holder
• Frosted 110 V light bulb with arrow
• Power Supply (variac)
• Jack stand
• Connecting wires

Using a chalkboard diagram, the image formation for a convex mirror is briefly described. Next, a light bulb with a vertical arrow drawn on its surface is operated at low voltage and placed in front of a convex mirror. The nature of the image is observed as the object is moved toward or away from the mirror.

• Concave mirror
• Mirror holder
• Frosted 110 V light bulb with arrow
• Power supply (variac)
• Jack stand
• Connecting wires
• Screen
• Empty socket attached to stand

The chalkboard diagram for this demonstration is described in this movie and it is also described in the movie Object-Image Diagrams.

• Concave mirror
• Mirror holder
• Frosted 110 V light bulb with arrow
• 110 V light bulb with loop filament
• Power Supply (variac)
• Jack stand
• Connecting wires
• Screen

The chalkboard diagram for this demonstration is described in the movie Object-Image Diagrams and also in the movie Concave Mirror - Object at Large Distance.

• Concave mirror
• Mirror holder
• Frosted 110 V light bulb with arrow
• Power Supply (variac)
• Jack stand
• Connecting wires

The chalkboard diagram for this demonstration is described in the movie Object-Image Diagrams and also in the movie Concave Mirror - Object at Large Distance.