• Lead brick
• Scale (pounds)
• Piece of styrofoam
• Wood block with bolt attached

The concept of pressure is demonstrated by supporting a block of lead on surfaces of various areas. When the lead block is supported by a small surface pushing against a styrofoam pad, the styrofoam is deformed, while the pad is not deformed when the lead block is supported by a larger surface pushing against the same pad.

• Manometer
• Funnel with rubber diaphram
• Two water tanks
• Hydrostatic tubes
• Large styrofoam block

The dependence of pressure on depth in water is demonstrated using a manometer. The pressure probe is a funnel covered by a flexible rubber diaphram. It is observed that the pressure on the diaphram at a given depth is independent of the orientation of the funnel and also independent of the size of the container. Also, by pouring water into a system of interconnected tubes of various cross sections and shapes, it is shown that the water level remains the same in each tube. Another pressure-depth demonstration is performed by pushing a large styrofoam block of negligible weight into a tank of water.

• A gallon can
• Vacuum pump with hose
• Magdeburg hemispheres
• Suction cups
• Mercury barometer
• Small styrofoam cup

Atmospheric pressure is demonstrated by reducing the pressure inside a gallon can, and also by reducing the pressure inside Magdeburg hemispheres and underneath suction cups. Additionally, the workings of a mercury column barometer are shown and the local atmospheric pressure is measured. Finally, the dramatic effects are observed on a styrofoam cup which was taken to a depth of approximately 2200 ft in the ocean.

• Model lung
• Large syringe
• Water tank

A model lung is used to demonstrate how atmospheric pressure is employed in breathing. Also water is drawn into a large syringe, demonstrating the effects of atmospheric pressure.

• Small spring scale (grams)
• Various weights with equal volumes
• Various weights with equal masses
• Various weights with equal densities
• Balance scale
• Two equal volume beakers
• Syringe

Densities of different materials are compared by (1) measuring the masses of cylinders of equal volume, (2) comparing the volumes of cylinders of of equal masses, (3) comparing the masses and volumes of brass weights of equal density. Also the density of water is measured using beakers of water and a balance scale.

• Spring scale (newtons)
• Spring scale (grams)
• Various masses
• Water tank
• Balance scale
• Two equal volume beakers
• Syringe

Various objects of different densities are weighed outside of water and then weighed as they are being submerged. The buoyant force is measured and compared to the weight of the displaced water. In another experiment, two beakers with equal amounts of water are balanced on scales. The balance is immediately upset as an object begins to be immersed in one of the beakers. As the object is fully submerged (but not touching the bottom of the beaker), the balance is then restored by adding water to the other beaker, equal in volume to that displaced in the first beaker.

• Large water tank
• Large styrofoam block
• Various weights

A large styrofoam block, which is practically weightless and therefore floats almost entirely on top of a surface of water, is submerged by forcing it down into a tank of water. It is observed that the force required to immerse the block is equal to the buoyant force acting on the block. This force, which is shown to increase with depth, is demonstrated by being felt by the demonstrator, and also by placing known weights on top of the block. In the latter case, the force is measured and compared to that estimated using Archimedes' principle.

• Water tank
• Dry ice
• Soap bubbles

The buoyant foce on soap bubbles is demonstrated by floating these bubbles on a cloud of carbon dioxide. The cloud of carbon dioxide is produced by immersing dry ice in water.

• Cartesian diver
• Galileo's thermometer
• Hot wet towel

The relationship of buoyancy to density is demonstrated by squeezing on a sealed flexible bottle of water containing an immersed Cartesian diver. In another experiment, Galileo's thermometer is used to measure the temperature using the dependence of buoyancy on density.

• A Bernoulli tube
• Pressurized air with hose

By forcing air through a Bernoulli tube, Bernoulli's priciple is demonstrated. The relative pressures in different regions of the tube are observed by noting the various liquid levels in attached manometer tubes. This demonstration also shows some frictional effects which are not discussed.

• Pieces of paper
• Airplane model

Bernoulli's priciple is demonstrated by holding a piece of paper and blowing air over the top surface. The piece of paper is observed to rise. Also, air is blown between two pieces of paper which are observed to move toward one another. The application of Bernoulli's principle to an air foil is described with the aid of a model airplane.

• Pressurized air with hose
• Funnel
• Ping-pong ball

By blowing air through an inverted glass funnel, a ping-pong ball is observed to be pushed up into the neck of the funnel. In another demonstration, a ping-pong ball hangs suspended in a moving stream of air blown upward at an angle.

• Atomizer
• Pressurized air with hose
• Water tank
• Various glass tubes
• Bell jar with tube

By squeezing the bulb of an atomizer, a fine spray of water droplets is produced as air is blown over the small tube inside the glass jar. Bernoulli's principle is also demonstrated by blowing high speed air over the top of glass tubes of various sizes and shapes which are immersed into a tank of water, one at a time. It is observed that water is drawn up the immersed tube and then sprayed into the air.

• Water faucet with nozzle
• Transparent hose

A transparent flexible hose is attached to narrow water faucet and water is forced into the hose at high speed. The end of the hose nearest the faucet is observed to be squeezed by atmospheric pressure. Also, vapor is observed to form in the water stream at that same location, further indicating reduced pressure in this high speed region of the hose.